Genetic and Genomic Foundations For Capsicum Improvement And Development

Nkwiza Nankolongo; Orlex  Yllano

doi:10.35974/isc.v11i6.3615

Authors

Nkwiza Nankolongo Adventist University of the Philippines
Dr. Yllano Orlex

https://doi.org/10.35974/isc.v11i6.3615

Keywords:

Capsicum, Genetic Diversity, Genome, Chromosomes, Ploidy Levels

Abstract

Capsicum is a genetically diverse eudicot, diploid, and self-pollinating plant that grows well in slightly warmer environments. This paper critically reviews capsicum biology, horticultural characteristics, genetic diversity, ploidy levels, chromosome structure, genome organisation and phylogenetic relationships. The related literature presented in this paper was obtained from scientific sites and journals available in resources such as NCBI, ScienceDirect, SAGE journals, Google Scholar, ResearchGate and many more. Using Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA 11) 22 NADH dehydrogenase sequences were extracted from NCBI and then aligned. The findings discuss that capsicum has a chromosome number 2n=2x=24. In contrast, wild species are known to have a ploidy level of 2n=2x=26. The capsicum genome is estimated to be between 1498cM and 2268cM. Hot peppers’ genomic sequencing data revealed 37.989 scaffolds with an estimated size of 3.48Gb, 34771 in tomatoes, and 39031 genes in potatoes. Based on the capsicum phylogenetic relationship, 22 species of capsicum were rooted. The information discussed in this study is indispensable in Capsicum frontier research, breeding, development, management and utilization of this economically important and highly regarded crop worldwide.

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