KAJIAN INTERVENSI PENCEGAHAN PERILAKU SEKSUAL BERISIKO HIV DALAM PENINGKATAN SELF-EFFICACY PADA REMAJA
https://doi.org/10.35974/jsk.v3i1.574
Kata Kunci:
pencegahan, perilaku seksual berisiko HIV, remaja dan self-efficacyAbstrak
ABSTRAK
Pendahuluan: Perkembangan aktivitas seksual pada masa remaja menjadikan paparan terhadap infeksi HIV semakin tinggi dan apabila tidak memiliki kemampuan diri untuk mencegahnya maka akan menyebabkan resiko terjangkitnya infeksi HIV. Tujuan: penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi intervensi efikasi diri dalam pencegahan perilaku seksual berisiko HIV pada remaja. Metode yang digunakan adalah kajian literatur. Penelusuran database dilakukan melalui ProQuest Nusing and Allied Health Source (Januari 2007 sampai Februari 2017), menggunakan kata kunci pencarian “self-efficacy”, “HIV/AIDS”, “intervention”, “program” dan “adolescents”. Selain itu, artikel yang dipilih dibatasi hanya pada penelitian yang menggunakan metode randomized-controlled trial (RCT). Hasil: Kajian menemukan tiga penelitian yang menggambarkan intervensi atau program yang meningkatkan efikasi diri dalam pencegahan perilaku seksual berisiko HIV. Intervensi ditemukan menggunakan teknik edukasi kesehatan atau promosi kesehatan dalam mencegah perilaku seksual berisiko HIV pada remaja. Intervensi yang ditujukan pada remaja ini berdampak terhadap keyakinan efikasi diri remaja. Pendidikan kesehatan yang dilakukan berfokus pada tingkatan individu, keluarga, komunitas, dan masyarakat serta penggunaan teknologi sebagai media pemberian edukasi kesehatan tersebut. Penulis menyimpulkan bahwa intervensi untuk meningkatkan efikasi diri pencegahan harus dilakukan secara proaktif dan berkelanjutan baik menggunakan pendekatan yang berfokus kepada individu remaja sendiri ataupun melibatkan peran serta keluarga dan masyarakat dan menggunakan teknologi komputer. Diskusi: Disarankan untuk penelitian selanjutnya mengenai intervensi berbasis teknologi yang lebih luas dan lebih dikenal oleh kalangan remaja untuk mengembangkan efikasi diri dalam pencegahan perilaku berisiko HIV.
Â
Kata kunci: pencegahan, perilaku seksual berisiko HIV, remaja dan self-efficacy
Â
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The sexual activity development in an early adolescence makes this age group to have higher exposure to the HIV infection. If this population has no ability to resist then it will lead to the the risk of HIV cases.  Methods: This study is a literature review. ProQuest Nusing and Allied Health Source (January 2007 February 2017) were searched using keyword term “self-efficacy”, “HIV/AIDS”, “intervention”, “program” and “adolescents” In addition, the chosen article was restricted to studies using randomized-controlled trial (RCT). Paper that described an intervenstions that promote a self-efficacy in the HIV sexual risk behavior in adolescent were selected for review. Results: Three papers met the selection criteria. The interventions were found using health education or health promotion approach in preventing HIV sexual risk behavior in adolescents. Interventions have an impact to increase self-efficacy beliefs in adolescent. Health education was focused on the individual, family, and community level, as well as the technology also used for the provision of health education. nInvestigator conclude that nurses should carried out the holistic nature of the dying experience and interventions needed to promote a peaceful death and dignity dying for patients and their family. Furthermore, interventions to improve self-efficacy of prevention should carried out proactively and sustainably. Interventions can focus on individual adolescents themselves or involve the participation of families and communities and use computer technology. Discussion: Further research is to generate a technology-based interventions that is broader and more known by the youth to develop self-efficacy in the prevention of HIV risk behavior.
Keywords: adolescents, HIV sexual risk behavior, prevention, and self-efficacy
Unduhan
Referensi
Bankole, Akinrinola, Singh, Susheela, Woog, Vanessa, & Wulf, Deirdre. (2004). Risk and protection: youth and HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa.
Biglan, Anthony, Brennan, Patricia A., Foster, Sharon L., & Holder, Harold D. (2004). Helping Adolescents at Risk: Prevention of Multiple Problem Behaviors: Guilford Press.
Blum, Robert W, & Nelson-Mmari, Kristin. (2004). The health of young people in a global context. Journal of Adolescent Health, 35(5), 402-418.
Carlson, Mary, Brennan, Robert T, & Earls, Felton. (2012). Enhancing adolescent self-efficacy and collective efficacy through public engagement around HIV/AIDS competence: a multilevel, cluster randomized-controlled trial. Social science & medicine, 75(6), 1078-1087.
DiClemente, Ralph J, Wingood, Gina M, Rose, Eve S, Sales, Jessica M, Lang, Delia L, Caliendo, Angela M, . . . Crosby, Richard A. (2009). Efficacy of sexually transmitted disease/human immunodeficiency virus sexual risk–reduction intervention for African American adolescent females seeking sexual health services: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 163(12), 1112-1121.
DiIorio, Colleen, McCarty, Frances, Resnicow, Ken, Lehr, Sally, & Denzmore, Pamela. (2007). REAL men: A group-randomized trial of an HIV prevention intervention for adolescent boys. American Journal of Public Health, 97(6), 1084-1089.
Givaudan, Martha, Van de Vijver, Fons JR, Poortinga, Ype H, Leenen, Iwin, & Pick, Susan. (2007). Effects of a Schoolâ€Based Life Skills and HIVâ€Prevention Program for Adolescents in Mexican High Schools1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 37(6), 1141-1162.
Gregson, Simon, Nyamukapa, Constance A, Garnett, Geoffrey P, Mason, Peter R, Zhuwau, Tom, Caraël, Michel, . . . Anderson, Roy M. (2002). Sexual mixing patterns and sex-differentials in teenage exposure to HIV infection in rural Zimbabwe. The Lancet, 359(9321), 1896-1903.
Jones, Desiree M. P. H., Thomas-Purcell, Kamilah B. PhD M. P. H. Ches, Lewis-Harris, Jacquelyn PhD, & Richards, Christine M. P. H. PhD. (2016). Correlation between self-efficacy in sexual negotiation and engagement in risky sexual behaviors: Pilot study of adolescents attending a secondary school in Grenada, West Indies. International Public Health Journal, 8(3), 397-405.
Kamo, Norifumi B. A., Carlson, Mary PhD M. P. A., Brennan, Robert T. EdD, & Earls, Felton M. D. (2008). Young Citizens as Health Agents: Use of Drama in Promoting Community Efficacy for HIV/AIDS. American Journal of Public Health, 98(2), 201-204.
Komisi Penanggulangan AIDS Nasional. (2015). Laporan Kegiatan KPAN 2014. Komisi Penanggulangan AIDS Nasional (KPAN).
Lee, Yi-Hui, Salman, Ali, & Fitzpatrick, Joyce J. (2009). HIV/AIDS preventive self-efficacy, depressive symptoms, and risky sexual behavior in adolescents: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey. International journal of nursing studies, 46(5), 653-660.
Lightfoot, Marguerita, Comulada, W. Scott, & Stover, Gabriel. (2007). Computerized HIV Preventive Intervention for Adolescents: Indications of Efficacy. American Journal of Public Health, 97(6), 1027-1030.
Lindberg, Laura Duberstein, Boggess, Scott, & Williams, Sean. (2000). Multiple Threats: The Co-Occurrence of Teen Health Risk Behaviors.
Luszczynska, Aleksandra, Gutiérrezâ€Doña, Benicio, & Schwarzer, Ralf. (2005). General selfâ€efficacy in various domains of human functioning: Evidence from five countries. International Journal of Psychology, 40(2), 80-89.
Middelkoop, Keren, Myer, Landon, Smit, Joalida, Wood, Robin, & Bekker, Linda-Gail. (2006). Design and evaluation of a drama-based intervention to promote voluntary counseling and HIV testing in a South African community. Sexually transmitted diseases, 33(8), 524-526.
Obregon, Rafael, & Airhihenbuwa, Collins O. (2000). A critical assessment of theories/models used in health communication for HIV/AIDS. Journal of health communication, 5(sup1), 5-15.
Saewyc, Elizabeth, Skay, Carol, Richens, Kimberly, Reis, Elizabeth, Poon, Colleen, & Murphy, Aileen. (2006). Sexual orientation, sexual abuse, and HIV-risk behaviors among adolescents in the Pacific Northwest. American journal of public health, 96(6), 1104-1110.
UNAIDS. (2014). Global report: UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic 2013. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS Geneva.
UNAIDS. (2016). Global AIDS Update 2016. The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, Geneva.
UNICEF. (2002). Young people and HIV/AIDS: Opportunity in crisis: United Nations Children’s Fund, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS and World Health Organization.
##submission.downloads##
Diterbitkan
Cara Mengutip
Terbitan
Bagian
Lisensi
Hak Cipta (c) 2021 Angga Wilandika
Artikel ini berlisensiCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Penulis yang mempublikasikan naskahnya di jurnal ini menyetujui hal-hal berikut:
- Hak cipta tetap pada penulis, penulis memberikan kepada jurnal hak penerbitan pertama dan sekaligus melisensi karyanya mengikuti Creative Commons Attribution License yang mengizinkan orang lain untuk berbagi karya dengan penghargaan terhadap hak kepenulisan dan penerbitan pertama di jurnal ini.
- Penulis bisa mengikuti kontrak tambahan lain untuk distribusi non-ekslusif bagi karyanya tersebut (contoh: mempostingnya ke repositori institusi atau menerbitkannya dalam sebuah buku), dengan penghargaan terhadap penerbitan pertama di jurnal ini.
- Penulis diizinkan dan didorong untuk mem-posting karya mereka online (contoh: di repositori institusi atau di website mereka) sebelum dan selama proses penyerahan, karena dapat mengarahkan ke pertukaran produktif, seperti halnya sitiran yang lebih awal dan lebih banyak dari karya yang diterbitkan. (Lihat The Effect of Open Access).