Pengaruh Edukasi Metode Inokulasi Terhadap Perubahan Sikap Masyarakat Pada Hoaks Vaksinasi Covid-19
Keywords:
Edukasi metode inokulasi, Hoaks vaksinasi COVID-19, SikapAbstract
Latar belakang: Rendahnya penerimaan vaksinasi COVID-19 sebagai upaya pengendalian penyebaran dan pencegahan penyakit masih menjadi fenomena yang belum terselesaikan. Tingkat kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap vaksinasi COVID-19 tampak masih rendah dan bervariasi. Inovasi intervensi pendidikan kesehatan diperlukan untuk menghadapi hoaks vaksinasi COVID-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh edukasi metode inokulasi terhadap perubahan sikap masyarakat pada hoaks vaksinasi COVID-19. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan pendekatan Quasi Eksperimental Design. Kelompok subjek penelitian dengan perlakuan pendidikan kesehatan metode inokulasi. Pemilihan sampel yang dilakukan adalah non-probability sampling dengan pendekatan quota sampling. Jumlah sampel kelompok intervensi adalah 34 orang. Hasil: uji t berpasangan terdapat nilai signifikan = 0,000 dengan arti edukasi metode inokulasi efektif untuk meningkatkan sikap masyarakat terhadap hoaks vaksinasi COVID-19. Diskusi: Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi bekal dan motivasi bagi masyarakat untuk menerima vaksinasi COVID-19. Pengambil kebijakan dapat mengembangkan edukasi metode inokulasi sebagai strategi menghadapi serangan hoaks vaksinasi COVID-19 di masyarakat.
Downloads
References
Abdul, K., Mursheda, M. K., & Farhana. (2020). Knowledge, Attitude and Acceptance of a COVID-19 Vaccine: A Global Cross-Sectional Study MPRA, 1-23.
Ajzen, I. (2005). The Theory of Planned Behavior (Vol. 50): Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes.
Alkhajar, E. N. S., Wijaya, S. H. B., Pawito, Yudiningrum, F. R., & Sulihyantoro, A. B. (2021). Rubrikasi Anti Hoaks Pada Media Online Di Indonesia. Wahana, 73(1). doi:10.36456/wahana.v73i1.3624
Asnuddin, Sakinah, S., M, M. S., Nurdin, S., Hasrul, Murtini, . . . Hasnah. (2021). Edukasi Kesehatan Vaksin Dan Penerapan Protokol Kesehatan Covid-19 Pada Masyarakat Dusun Cenrana Desa Carawali Kabupaten Sidrap. PKM, 4(4).
Astirin, O. P., Ramadhan, D. A., & Utomowati, R. (2021). Optimalisasi Peran Masyarakat Dalam Mekanisme Pencegahan Infeksi Covid-19 Dalam Program KKN Melalui Program Pendidikan Dan Kesehatan Di Kawasan Kabupaten Kulonprogo Dan Bantul. Universitas Sebelas Maret, 10(1).
Attwell, K., Lake, J., Sneddon, J., Gerrans, P., Blyth, C., & Lee, J. (2021). Converting the maybes: Crucial for a successful COVID-19 vaccination strategy. PLoS One, 16(1), e0245907. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0245907
Bahrami, M., & Behbahani, M. A. (2019). The Effect of a Health Literacy Promotion Program on the Level of Health Literacy and Death Anxiety in Women with Breast Cancer. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res, 24(4), 286-290. doi:10.4103/ijnmr.IJNMR_178_18
Basol, M., Roozenbeek, J., Berriche, M., Uenal, F., McClanahan, W., & van der Linden, S. (2021a). Towards psychological herd immunity: Cross-cultural evidence for two prebunking interventions against COVID-19 misinformation. Big Data & Society. doi:10.1177/20539517211013868
Basol, M., Roozenbeek, J., Berriche, M., Uenal, F., McClanahan, W., & van der Linden, S. (2021b). Towards Psychological Herd Immunity: Cross-Cultural Evidence For Two Prebunking Interventions Against COVID-19 Misinformation. Big Data & Society, 4(1). doi:10.1177/20539517211013868
Broniatowski, D. A., Quinn, S. C., Dredze, M., & Jamison, A. M. (2020). Vaccine Communication as Weaponized Identity Politics. Am J Public Health, 110(5), 617-618. doi:10.2105/ajph.2020.305616
Caso, D., Capasso, M., Fabbricatore, R., & Conner, M. (2021). Understanding the psychosocial determinants of Italian parents' intentions not to vaccinate their children: an extended theory of planned behaviour model. Psychol Health, 1-21. doi:10.1080/08870446.2021.1936522
Charron, J., Gautier, A., & Jestin, C. (2020). Influence of information sources on vaccine hesitancy and practices. Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses, 50(8).
Cohen, A. F., van Gerven, J., Burgos, J. G., de Boer, A., Foucher, R. A. M., Flore, H., . . . Cremers, S. (2020). COVID-19 vaccines: the importance of transparency and fact-based education. Br J Clin Pharmacol, 86(11), 2107-2110. doi:10.1111/bcp.14581
Compton, J., Jackson, B., & Dimmock, J. A. (2016). Persuading Others to Avoid Persuasion: Inoculation Theory and Resistant Health Attitudes. Front Psychol, 7, 122. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00122
Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Garut. (2020). Kepatuhan Masyarakat Menerapkan Protokol Kesehatan Di Masa Pandemi COVID-19 Di Kabupaten Garut. Garut: Dinas Kesehatan Garut.
Dror, A. A., Eisenbach, N., Taiber, S., Morozov, N. G., Mizrachi, M., Zigron, A., . . . Sela, E. (2020). Vaccine hesitancy: the next challenge in the fight against COVID-19. European Journal of Epidemiology, 35(8), 775-779. doi:10.1007/s10654-020-00671-y
Elizondo-Alzola, U., Carrasco, M. G., Pinós, L., Picchio, C. A., Rius, C., & Diez, E. (2021). Vaccine hesitancy among paediatric nurses: Prevalence and associated factors. PLoS One, 16(5). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0251735
Fan, C.-W., Chen, I. H., Ko, N.-Y., Yen, C.-F., Lin, C.-Y., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2021). Extended theory of planned behavior in explaining the intention to COVID-19 vaccination uptake among mainland Chinese university students: an online survey study. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 1-8. doi:10.1080/21645515.2021.1933687
Few, M. (2020). Epidemics, Indigenous Communities, And Public Health In The COVID-19 Era: Views From Smallpox Inoculation Campaigns In Colonial Guatemala. Journal of Global History, 15(3). doi:10.1017/S1740022820000297
Freeman, D., Loe, B. S., Yu, L. M., Freeman, J., Chadwick, A., Vaccari, C., . . . Lambe, S. (2021). Effects of different types of written vaccination information on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the UK (OCEANS-III): a single-blind, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Public Health, 6(6), e416-e427. doi:10.1016/s2468-2667(21)00096-7
Graupensperger, S., Abdallah, D. A., & Lee, C. M. (2021). Social norms and vaccine uptake: College students' COVID vaccination intentions, attitudes, and estimated peer norms and comparisons with influenza vaccine. Vaccine, 39(15), 2060-2067. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.03.018
Guidry, J. P. D., Laestadius, L. I., Vraga, E. K., Miller, C. A., Perrin, P. B., Burton, C. W., . . . Carlyle, K. E. (2021). Willingness to get the COVID-19 vaccine with and without emergency use authorization. Am J Infect Control, 49(2), 137-142. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2020.11.018
Islam, M. S., Kamal, A. M., Kabir, A., Southern, D. L., Khan, S. H., Hasan, S. M. M., . . . Seale, H. (2021). COVID-19 vaccine rumors and conspiracy theories: The need for cognitive inoculation against misinformation to improve vaccine adherence. PLoS One, 16(5), e0251605. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0251605
Jatmika, S. E. D., Maulana, M., Kuntoro, & Martini, S. (2019). Pengembangan Media Promosi Kesehatan. Yogyakarta: K-Media.
Kemenkes RI. (2021a). Pemerintah Tergetkan 70% Cakupan Vaksinasi COVID-19. Retrieved from https://sehatnegeriku.kemkes.go.id/baca/rilis-media/20210128/2636884/pemerintah-tergetkan-70-cakupan-vaksinasi-covid-19/
Kemenkes RI. (2021b). Triple-Helix Key-Factors Menuju Sukses Vaksinasi Covid-19. In. Jakarta: Kemenkes RI.
Kemenkes RI. (2021c). Vaksinasi COVID-19 Dilakukan Bertahap. In. Jakarta: Kemenkes RI.
Kominfo. (2021a). Awas Hoaks! Guru Honorer Garut Lumpuh Usai Vaksin Kedua. In [HOAKS] Guru Honorer di Leles Garut Jadi Lumpuh setelah Mendapat Vaksin Kedua. Indonesia: Kominfo.
Kominfo. (2021b). Penanganan Sebaran Konten Hoaks Vaksin Covid-19 Selasa (01/06/2021). In. Indonesia: Kominfo.
Laskar, K. A., & Reyaz, M. (2021). Mapping the fake news infodemic amidst the COVID-19 pandemic: A study of Indian fact-checking websites. Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research, 14(1), 93-116. doi:10.1386/jammr_00026_1
Lewandowsky, S., Cook, J., Schmid, P., Holford, D. L., Finn, A., Leask, J., Thomson, A., . . . Vraga, E. K. (2021). The COVID-19 Vaccine Communication Handbook. A practical guide for improving vaccine communication and fighting misinformation. : Hack MD.
Loomba, S., de Figueiredo, A., Piatek, S. J., de Graaf, K., & Larson, H. J. (2021). Measuring the impact of COVID-19 vaccine misinformation on vaccination intent in the UK and USA. Nat Hum Behav, 5(3), 337-348. doi:10.1038/s41562-021-01056-1
Martin, L. R., & Petrie, K. J. (2017). Understanding the Dimensions of Anti-Vaccination Attitudes: the Vaccination Attitudes Examination (VAX) Scale. Ann Behav Med, 51(5), 652-660. doi:10.1007/s12160-017-9888-y
Montagni, I., Ouazzani-Touhami, K., Mebarki, A., Texier, N., Schück, S., & Tzourio, C. (2021). Acceptance of a Covid-19 vaccine is associated with ability to detect fake news and health literacy. J Public Health (Oxf). doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdab028
Nurhadi, Z. F., & Mujianto, H. (2020). Tingkat Kepercayaan Masyarakat Terhadap Pemberitaan Di Media Massa Daring Di Kota Garut JDMR, 2(2).
Patimah, I., Yekti, W. S., Alfiansyah, R., Taobah, H., Ratnasari, D., & Nugraha, A. (2021). Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan dengan Perilaku Pencegahan Penularan Covid-19 pada Masyarakat. Journal Kesehatan, 12(1). doi:10.26630/jk.v12i1.2302
Pemerintah Kabupaten Garut. (2021). Covid-19 Center Garut. Retrieved from https://covid19.garutkab.go.id/
Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Barat. (2021). Pusat Informasi & Koordinasi COVID-19 Provinsi Jawa Barat. Retrieved from Pikobar.Jabarprov.go.id
Priastuty, C. W., Pawito, & Rahmanto, A. N. (2020). Hoaks tentang Vaksin Covid-19 di Tengah Media Sosial KPCPEN, 3(1).
Rahayu, R. N., & Sensusiyati. (2021). Vaksin COVID 19 Di Indonesia: Analisis Berita Hoax. INTELEKTIVA, 2(7).
Rahayuwati, L., Purnama, D., Nuryanto, A., Akbar, M. A., Rhamadan, A., Siahaan, J., & Rayahu, E. (2020). Promosi Kesehatan COVID-19. Bandung: Unpad Press.
Shacham, M., Greenblatt-Kimron, L., Hamama-Raz, Y., Martin, L. R., Peleg, O., Ben-Ezra, M., & Mijiritsky, E. (2021). Increased COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy and Health Awareness amid COVID-19 Vaccinations Programs in Israel. 18(7), 3804.
Shmueli, L. (2021). Predicting intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine among the general population using the health belief model and the theory of planned behavior model. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 804. doi:10.1186/s12889-021-10816-7
Susanti, D. T. (2019). Penerimaan Masyarakat Terhadap Program Pendewasaan Usia Perkawinan di Kecamatan Proppo Kabupaten Pamekasan. UT-Faculty of Public Health 7(3).
Susilo, D., Putranto, T. D., & Navarro, C. J. S. (2021). Performance of Indonesian Ministry of Health in Overcoming Hoax About Vaccination Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic on Social Media. Nyimak Journal of Communication, 5(1). doi:10.31000/nyimak.v5i1.4100
Ummah, N. H., & Al Fajri, M. S. (2020). Communication Strategies Used in Teaching Media Information Literacy for Combating Hoaxes in Indonesia: A Case Study of Indonesian National Movements. Informacijos Mokslai / Information Sciences, 90, 26-41. doi:10.15388/Im.2020.90.48
WHO. (2021). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. In. Canada: who.int.
Winter, K., Pummerer, L., Hornsey, M. J., & Sassenberg, K. (2021). Pro-vaccination subjective norms moderate the relationship between conspiracy mentality and vaccination intentions. Br J Health Psychol. doi:10.1111/bjhp.12550
Wolff, K. (2021). COVID-19 Vaccination Intentions: The Theory of Planned Behavior, Optimistic Bias, and Anticipated Regret. Front Psychol, 12, 648289. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.648289
Yahaghi, R., Ahmadizade, S., Fotuhi, R., Taherkhani, E., Ranjbaran, M., Buchali, Z., . . . Pakpour, A. H. (2021). Fear of COVID-19 and Perceived COVID-19 Infectability Supplement Theory of Planned Behavior to Explain Iranians’ Intention to Get COVID-19 Vaccinated. Vaccines (Basel), 9(7). doi:10.3390/vaccines9070684
Zhang, K. C., Fang, Y., Cao, H., Chen, H., Hu, T., Chen, Y., . . . Wang, Z. (2021). Behavioral Intention to Receive a COVID-19 Vaccination Among Chinese Factory Workers: Cross-sectional Online Survey. J Med Internet Res, 23(3), e24673. doi:10.2196/24673
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
